What are some common welding defects?

Welding defects can significantly impact the strength and integrity of a welded joint. Cracking, porosity, undercut, and incomplete fusion are common defects that can occur during the welding process.

Cracking may take place during or after the welding process, primarily due to thermal stresses, poor joint design, or improper welding parameters. Porosity is the presence of tiny gas pockets within the weld metal, typically caused by contaminants, moisture, or improper welding technique, compromising the weld’s strength. Undercut refers to a groove or depression that forms at the toe of the weld, which can weaken the joint and is often due to high travel speed or incorrect settings. Incomplete fusion happens when the weld metal does not adequately fuse with the base metal, leading to weak points in the weld.

These defects directly affect the mechanical properties of the weld and the overall reliability of the welded structure, making them significant concerns during the welding process. Recognizing and addressing these defects is crucial for ensuring high-quality welding outcomes.