What does the term “arc length” refer to in welding?

The term “arc length” in welding is specifically defined as the distance between the electrode and the base metal. This distance plays a critical role in the welding process as it directly impacts the quality of the weld. A shorter arc length can lead to a more focused and stable arc, whereas a longer arc length may result in a spatter or an unstable arc, which can compromise the integrity of the weld. Understanding and controlling the arc length is essential for achieving optimal penetration, bead profile, and overall weld appearance.

In contrast, the duration of the weld refers to the amount of time the welding arc is maintained, which is important for heat input but does not define the arc length itself. The width of the weld bead relates to the final appearance and dimensions of the weld but does not provide information about the spacing from the electrode to the base metal. The distance between two weld joints is a measurement that pertains to the layout of the workpiece rather than to the specifics of the arc created during the welding process.